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Broccoli Sprout/Seed Extract

Other Names :

Glucosinolate-SFN、GRN 、Sulforaphane Glucosinolate、Glucoraphanin-K 、Sulforaphane Glucosinolate、Nrf2 Activator Precursor、4-Methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate、4-(Methylsulfinyl)butyl glucosinolate

CAS No. :

21414-41-5

Formula :

C12H23NO10S3

Mol. Mass :

437.51

Specifications :

1%-20%

Appearance :

light yellow to brownish-yellow powder

Applications :

Detoxification
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Chemopreventive

Package :

5kg/bag, 25kg/drum

Shipment :

By DHL, by air, by sea

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Glucoraphanin (GRN)

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1. Executive Summary

Glucoraphanin (GRN), the primary glucosinolate in broccoli sprouts, is a prodrug of sulforaphane (SFN) with demonstrated Nrf2-mediated detoxification, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. This report analyzes:

• GRN's unique pH-dependent enzymatic activation by myrosinase

• Comparative advantages over direct SFN supplementation (e.g., shelf-life, targeted release)

• Market growth at 12.4% CAGR (2023-2030) driven by preventive healthcare demand (Grand View Research, 2023)

2. Chemical Profile & Biosynthesis

1. Molecular Structure

• IUPAC Name: 1-Thio-β-D-glucopyranose 1-[N-(sulfonatooxy)-4-methylsulfinylbutanimidate]

• Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₂₂NO₉S₃⁻ (MW: 436.5 g/mol)

• Key Feature: Thioglucose moiety linked to 4-methylsulfinylbutyl aglycone (Fahey et al., 2001)

2. Natural Sources & Concentration

Source	GRN Content (mg/g dry weight)	Bioavailability Enhancer
Broccoli sprouts	10-50	Endogenous myrosinase
Mature broccoli	0.5-2	Requires exogenous enzyme
Kale	1-3	Low myrosinase activity

Extraction Methods:

• Cold ethanol extraction (preserves myrosinase, Pérez-Balibrea et al., 2008)

• Ion-exchange chromatography (pharmaceutical-grade GRN-K salts, US Patent 9,987,123)

3. Detoxification Pathway

1. Phase II Enzyme Induction:

— GRN → SFN → Activates Nrf2 → Upregulates GSTs, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (Talalay, 2000)

— Clinical dose: 30 μmol GRN ↑ GST activity by 2.3-fold in smokers (NCT03232138)

2. Antioxidant Effects

• Oxidative Stress Reduction:

— 50 mg GRN/day ↓ plasma 8-OHdG (DNA oxidative marker) by 28% (Murashima et al., 2004)

3. Anti-inflammatory Activity

• NF-κB Inhibition:

— GRN-derived SFN reduces IL-6 by 40% in macrophages (Heiss et al., 2001)

4. Clinical Efficacy

1. Cancer Chemoprevention

• Bladder Cancer: High GRN intake ↓ risk by 51% (OR=0.49, p<0.01) (Michaud et al., 1999)

• Prostate Cancer: 60 μmol GRN/day ↓ PSA velocity by 86% (NCT01228084)

2. Metabolic Health

• Type 2 Diabetes: GRN (20 mg/day) improved HOMA-IR by 15% (Bahadoran et al., 2012)

5. Comparative Analysis

1. vs. Direct Sulforaphane (SFN)

Parameter	Glucoraphanin	Sulforaphane
Stability	24 months (lyophilized)	6 months (oxidation-sensitive)
Activation Site	Controlled (intestinal myrosinase)	Immediate gastric release
Cost	$1,200/kg	$2,500/kg

2. vs. Other Nrf2 Activators

• Curcumin: Requires piperine for absorption (bioavailability <1% vs. GRN's 5-10%) (Anand et al., 2007)

• Resveratrol: Lacks GRN's detoxification enzyme induction (Baur & Sinclair, 2006)

6. Product Formulations

1. Leading Commercial Forms

Brand	Technology	Dose	Price ($/month)
BroccoRaphanin®	GRN + Stabilized myrosinase	50 mg GRN	55
GSL-Pro™	Enteric-coated GRN-K salt	30 mg GRN	45

2. Stability Innovations

• Microencapsulation: Protects GRN from hydrolysis (Patent WO2021001234)

• Lyophilized Myrosinase: Co-packaged for consumer activation (Clarke et al., 2011)

7. Safety & Regulations

• GRAS Status: FDA No. GRN 778 (2019)

• EFSA Opinion: Safe at ≤100 mg/day (EFSA-Q-2021-00321)

• Adverse Events: Rare GI discomfort at >150 mg (NCT04227171)

8. Market Outlook

• Projected Sales: $420M by 2027 (Nutrition Business Journal, 2023)

• Consumer Demand: 62% prefer GRN over SFN for "natural activation" (SPINS Survey, 2023)

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9. References (Selected)

• Cenacchi, T., et al. (1993). Cognitive decline in the elderly: A double-blind

Fahey, J.W., et al. (2001). The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates in plants. Phytochemistry, 56(1), 5-51.
Talalay, P. (2000). Chemoprotection against cancer by isothiocyanates. Advances in Enzyme Regulation, 40, 6-20.
Clarke, J.D., et al. (2011). Bioavailability and inter-conversion of sulforaphane and erucin in human subjects. Cancer Prevention Research, 4(3), 384-395.

If you're interested in Glucoraphanin (GRN) powder into your supplement formulations, please reach out to JX Nutritional Chemical Co., Limited team. We will reply you as soon as possible.

Broccoli Sprout/Seed Extract

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